Chercheurs

Sciences de la Terre / DAUPHAS, NICOLAS

dauphas

Position

Assistant Professor,
Department of the Geophysical Sciences
Enrico Fermi Institute
The University of Chicago
Chicago, IL , USA.

Thèmes de recherche

Meteorites, isotope cosmochemistry, nuclear cosmochronology and nucleosynthesis, early Earth geochemistry and the origin of life, formation of the terrestrial atmosphere.

In 2004, Dauphas and his colleagues validated a controversial interpretation of rocks from Greenland as the potential site for the earliest evidence of life on Earth. In 2005, he presented a new method for determining the age of the Milky Way.

Prix et récompenses

Geochemical Journal best paper award, 2002, for ”Dauphas N., Reisberg L., and Marty B. (2002). An alternative explanation for the distribution of highly siderophile elements in the Earth. Geochem. J. 36, 409-419”.

Paul Pellas-Graham Ryder Award, 2002, jointly sponsored by the Meteoritical Society and the Geological Society of America Division of Planetary Geology for ”Dauphas N., Marty B., and Reisberg L. (2002). Molybdenum evidence for inherited planetary scale isotope heterogeneity of the protosolar nebula. Astrophys. J. 565, 640-644”.

Best Ph.D. thesis award, 2002, for ”Cosmochimie Isotopique du Molybd`ene” (2002), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine.

Nier Prize of the Meteoritical Society, 2005.

Publications

Dauphas, N., & Marty, B. (1999). Heavy nitrogen in carbonatites of the Kola peninsula: a possible signature of the deep mantle. Science 286, 2488-2490.

Dauphas, N., Robert, F., & Marty, B. (2000). The late asteroidal and cometary bombardment of Earth as recorded in water deuterium to protium ratio. Icarus 148, 508-512.

Dauphas, N., Reisberg, L., & Marty, B. (2001). Solvent extraction, ion chromatography, and mass spectrometry of molybdenum isotopes. Anal. Chem. 73, 2613-2616.

Dauphas, N., Marty, B., & Reisberg, L. (2002). Molybdenum evidence for inherited planetary scale isotope heterogeneity of the protosolar nebula. Astrophys. J. 565, 640-644.

Dauphas, N., Marty, B., & Reisberg, L. (2002). Molybdenum nucleosynthetic dichotomy revealed in primitive meteorites. Astrophys. J. Lett. 569, L139-L142.

Dauphas, N., Marty, B., & Reisberg, L. (2002). Inference on terrestrial genesis from molybdenum isotope systematics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(6), 1084, doi:10.1029/2001GL014237.

Dauphas, N., Reisberg, L., & Marty, B. (2002). An alternative explanation for the distribution of highly siderophile elements in Earth. Geochem. J., 36, 409-419.

Dauphas, N., & Marty, B. (2002). Inference on the nature and the mass of Earth’s late veneer from noble metals and gases. J. Geophys. Res., 107(E12), 5129, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001617.

Marty, B., & Dauphas, N. (2002). Formation and early evolution of the atmosphere, in The Early Earth, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Development (Fowler C.M.R., Ebinger C.J., and Hawkesworth C.J., eds), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 199, 213-229.

Marty, B., & Dauphas, N. (2003). The nitrogen record of crust-mantle interaction and mantle convection from Archean to Present. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 206, 397-410.

Dauphas, N., Rauscher, T., Marty, B., & Reisberg, L. (2003). Short-lived p-nuclides in the early solar system and implications on the nucleosynthetic role of X-ray binaries. Nucl. Phys. A, 719, 287c-295c.

Dauphas, N. (2003). The dual origin of the terrestrial atmosphere.Icarus, 165, 326-339.
13. Marty, B., & Dauphas, N. (2003). ”Nitrogen isotopic compositions of the present mantle and the Archean biosphere”: response to a comment by Pierre Cartigny and Magali Ader. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 216, 433-439.

Dauphas, N., Janney, P.E., Mendybaev, R.A., Wadhwa, M., Richter, F.M., Davis, A.M., Hines, R., & Foley C.N. (2004). Chromatographic separation and MC-ICPMS analysis of iron. Investigating mass-dependent and -independent isotope effects. Anal. Chem., 76, 5855-5863.

Dauphas, N., & Marty, N. (2004). ”A large secular variation in the nitrogen isotopic composition of the atmosphere since the Archaean?”: response to a comment by R. Kerrich and Y. Jia. Earth Planet.
Sci. Lett., 225, 441-450.

Dauphas, N., Davis, A.M., Marty, B., & Reisberg, L. (2004) The cosmic molybdenum-ruthenium isotope correlation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 226, 465-475.

Dauphas, N., van Zuilen M., Wadhwa M., Davis A.M., Marty B., & Janney P.E. (2004) Clues from iron isotope variations on the origin of early Archaean banded iron formations from Greenland. Science, 306, 2077-2080.

Dauphas N. (2005) Multiple sources or late injection of short-lived r-nuclides in the early solar system? Nucl. Phys. A, 758, 757c-760c.

Dauphas N. (2005) The U/Th production ratio and the age of the Milky Way from meteorites and Galactic halo stars. Nature, 435, 1203-1205.

Nittler L.R. & Dauphas N. (2006) Meteorites and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System II, D.S. Lauretta and H.Y. McSween Jr. Eds, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 127-146.

Dauphas N. & Rouxel O. (2006) Mass spectrometry and natural variations of iron isotopes. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 25, 515-550. Erratum 25, 831-832.

Cook D.L.,Wadhwa M., Janney P.E., Dauphas N., Clayton R.N., Davis A.M. (2006) High precision measurements of non-mass-dependent effects in nickel isotopes in meteoritic metal via multicollector ICPMS. Anal. Chem. 78, 8477-8484.

Busigny V. & Dauphas N. (2007) Tracing paleofluid circulations using iron isotopes: A study of hematite and goethite concretions from the Navajo Sandstone (Utah, USA). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. in press.

Dauphas N., Cates N.L., Mojzsis S.J., Busigny V. (2007) Identification of chemical sedimentary protoliths using iron isotopes in the > 3750 Ma Nuvvuagittuq supracrustal belt, Canada. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. in press.

Qin L., Dauphas N., Janney P.E., Wadhwa M. (2007) Analytical developments for high-precision measurements of W isotopes in iron meteorites. Anal. Chem. submitted.

Dauphas N. (2007) Modeling and interpretation of Fe and Ni isotopic fractionation during formation of Widmanst atten pattern. Meteoritics Planet. Sci. submitted.

Referee

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Geostandards Newsletter, Icarus, Journal of Geology, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Meteorites and the Early Solar System II, NASA (Cosmochemistry) and NSF (EAR Petrology and Geochemistry, Geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry) proposals, Nuclear Physics, Planetary and Space Science, Science.