Researchers

Earth sciences / SCHMIDT, GAVIN

gschmidt

Position

Climatologist and climate modeller at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, USA.

Research interests

- Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Modelling
- Water isotopes in the climate system
- Forward modelling of proxy data
- Modelling recent climate change
- Modelling paleo-climates

His main research interest lies in understanding the variability of the climate, both its internal variability and the response to external forcing. In particular, how changes related to varying forcings relate to variations due to intrinsic (unforced) climate variability such as oscillations in the ocean's deep thermohaline circulation that affect ocean heat transports. He mainly uses large-scale general circulation models for the atmosphere, and fully coupled ocean-atmosphere models to investigate these questions,

The evidence of long term paleo-climate variability exists primarily in the form of proxy data recorded in deep sea cores, ice cores, tree rings and other proxies such as the the skeletal remains of corals. Recently, his work has focussed on ways to reconcile the paleo-data with models. The main difficulty is that the proxy data are records of multiple processes and hence, it is difficult to unambiguously ascribe a climatic cause to any particular recorded event.

Prizes and awards

Publications

Submitted

Hansen, J., Mki. Sato, R. Ruedy, L. Nazarenko, A. Lacis, K. Lo, G.A. Schmidt, G. Russell, I. Aleinov, M. Bauer, S. Bauer, E. Baum, N. Bell, B. Cairns, V. Canuto, M. Chandler, Y. Cheng, A. Cohen, A. Del Geno, G. Faluvegi, E. Fleming, A. Friend, T. Hall, C. Jackman, J. Jonas, M. Kelley, N. Kiang, D. Koch, G. Labow, J. Lerner, S. Menon, R.L. Miller, T. Novakov, V. Oinas, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, D. Shindell, P. Stone, S. Sun, D. Streets, N. Tausnev, D. Thresher, M. Yao, and S. Zhang 2006. Dangerous human-made interference with climate: A GISS modelE study. Atmos. Chem. Phys., submitted.

Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, R.L. Miller, G.A. Schmidt, J.E. Hansen, and S. Sun 2006. Solar and anthropogenic forcing of tropical hydrology. Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted.

In Press

Harder, S.L., D.T. Shindell, G.A. Schmidt, and E.J. Brook 2006. A GCM study of CH4 emissions during the Holocene and glacial-interglacial transitions constrained by ice core data. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, in press.

2006

Aleinov, I., and G.A. Schmidt 2006. Water isotopes in the GISS ModelE land surface scheme. Global Planet. Change 51, 108-120, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.12.010.

Field, C., G.A. Schmidt, and D. Koch 2006. Solar and climate effects on 10Be. Memorie Soc. Astron. Ital. 76, 805-809.

Based on a presentation at a conference on "Solar Variability and Earth's Climate".
Field, C.V., G.A. Schmidt, D. Koch, and C. Salyk 2006. Modeling production and climate-related impacts on 10Be concentration in ice cores. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D15107, doi:10.1029/2005JD006410.

Henderson-Sellers, A., M. Fischer, I. Aleinov, K. McGuffie, W.J. Riley, G.A. Schmidt, K. Sturm, K. Yoshimura, and O. Irannejad 2006. Stable water isotope simulation by current land-surface schemes: Results of iPILPS Phase 1. Global Planet. Change 51, 34-58, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.01.003.

Koch, D., G.A. Schmidt, and C.V. Field 2006. Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS ModelE. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D06206, doi:10.1029/2004JD005550.

LeGrande, A.N., and G.A. Schmidt 2006. Global gridded data set of the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L12604, doi:10.1029/2006GL026011.

LeGrande, A.N., G.A. Schmidt, D.T. Shindell, C.V. Field, R.L. Miller, D.M. Koch, G. Faluvegi, and G. Hoffmann 2006. Consistent simulations of multiple proxy responses to an abrupt climate change event. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 837-842, doi:10.1073pnas.0510095103.

Miller, R.L., R.V. Cakmur, Ja. Perlwitz, I.V. Geogdzhayev, P. Ginoux, K.E. Kohfeld, D. Koch, C. Prigent, R. Ruedy, G.A. Schmidt, and I. Tegen 2006. Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D06208, doi:10.1029/2005JD005796.

Miller, R.L., G.A. Schmidt, and D.T. Shindell 2006. Forced annular variations in the 20th century Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report models. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D18101, doi:10.1029/2005JD006323.

Schmidt, G.A., R. Ruedy, J.E. Hansen, I. Aleinov, N. Bell, M. Bauer, S. Bauer, B. Cairns, V. Canuto, Y. Cheng, A. Del Genio, G. Faluvegi, A.D. Friend, T.M. Hall, Y. Hu, M. Kelley, N.Y. Kiang, D. Koch, A.A. Lacis, J. Lerner, K.K. Lo, R.L. Miller, L. Nazarenko, V. Oinas, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, G.L. Russell, Mki. Sato, D.T. Shindell, P.H. Stone, S. Sun, N. Tausnev, D. Thresher, and M.-S. Yao 2006. Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in-situ, satellite and reanalysis data. J. Climate 19, 153-192, doi:10.1175/JCLI3612.1.

Schmidt, G.A. 2006. La modélisation de variations climatiques. In L'Homme face au climat (E. Bard, Ed.), pp. 103-130. Odile-Jacob. Paris.

Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, N. Unger, E. Aguilar, G.A. Schmidt, D.M. Koch, S.E. Bauer, and R.L. Miller 2006. Simulations of preindustrial, present-day, and 2100 conditions in the NASA GISS composition and climate model G-PUCCINI. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 4427-4459.

2005

Hansen, J., L. Nazarenko, R. Ruedy, Mki. Sato, J. Willis, A. Del Genio, D. Koch, A. Lacis, K. Lo, S. Menon, T. Novakov, Ju. Perlwitz, G. Russell, G.A. Schmidt, and N. Tausnev 2005. Earth's energy imbalance: Confirmation and implications. Science 308, 1431-1435, doi:10.1126/science.1110252.

Hansen, J., Mki. Sato, R. Ruedy, L. Nazarenko, A. Lacis, G.A. Schmidt, G. Russell, I. Aleinov, M. Bauer, S. Bauer, N. Bell, B. Cairns, V. Canuto, M. Chandler, Y. Cheng, A. Del Genio, G. Faluvegi, E. Fleming, A. Friend, T. Hall, C. Jackman, M. Kelley, N.Y. Kiang, D. Koch, J. Lean, J. Lerner, K. Lo, S. Menon, R.L. Miller, P. Minnis, T. Novakov, V. Oinas, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Perlwitz, D. Rind, A. Romanou, D. Shindell, P. Stone, S. Sun, N. Tausnev, D. Thresher, B. Wielicki, T. Wong, M. Yao, and S. Zhang 2005. Efficacy of climate forcings. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D18104, doi:10.1029/2005JD005776.

Oman, L., A. Robock, G. Stenchikov, G.A. Schmidt, and R. Ruedy 2005. Climatic response to high-latitude volcanic eruptions. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D13103, doi:10.1029/2004JD005487.

Santer, B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, C. Mears, F.J. Wentz, S.A. Klein, D.J. Seidel, K.E. Taylor, P.W. Thorne, M.F. Wehner, P.J. Gleckler, J.S. Boyle, W.D. Collins, K.W. Dixon, C. Doutriaux, M. Free, Q. Fu, J.E. Hansen, G.S. Jones, R. Ruedy, T.R. Karl, J.R. Lanzante, G.A. Meehl, V. Ramaswamy, G. Russell, and G.A. Schmidt 2005. Amplification of surface temperature trends and variability in the tropical atmosphere. Science 309, 1551-1556, doi:10.1126/science.1114867.

Schmidt, G.A., G. Hoffmann, D.T. Shindell, and Y. Hu 2005. Modelling atmospheric stable water isotopes and the potential for constraining cloud processes and stratosphere-troposphere water exchange. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D21314, doi:10.1029/2005JD005790.

Schmidt, G.A., and A.N. LeGrande 2005. The Goldilocks abrupt climate change event. Quaternary Sci. Rev. 24, 1109-1110, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.015.

Schmidt, G.A., D.T. Shindell, and S. Harder 2005. Reply to comment by W. F. Ruddiman on "A note on the relationship between ice core methane concentrations and insolation". Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L15704, doi:10.1029/2005GL022982.

Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, N. Bell, and G.A. Schmidt 2005. An emissions-based view of climate forcing by methane and tropospheric ozone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L04803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021900.

2004

Rahmstorf, S., D. Archer, D.S. Ebel, O. Eugster, J. Jouzel, D. Maraun, G.A. Schmidt, J. Severinghaus, A.J. Weaver, and J. Zachos 2004. Cosmic rays, carbon dioxide, and climate. Eos Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 85, 38, 41.

Schmidt, G. 2004. La fulgurante ascension de méthane. La Recherche, no. 378 (September 2004), 48-53.

Schmidt, G.A., C.M. Bitz, U. Mikolajewicz, and L.-B. Tremblay 2004. Ice-ocean boundary conditions for coupled models. Ocean Modelling 7, 59-74, doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00030-1.

Schmidt, G.A., and M.E. Mann 2004. Reply to comment on "Ground vs. surface air temperature trends: Implications for borehole surface temperature reconstructions" by D. Chapman et al.. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L07206, doi:10.1029/2003GL019144.

Schmidt, G.A., D.T. Shindell, and S. Harder 2004. A note on the relationship between ice core methane concentrations and insolation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L23206, doi:10.1029/2004GL021083.

Schmidt, G.A., D.T. Shindell, R.L. Miller, M.E. Mann, and D. Rind 2004. General circulation modelling of Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Sci. Rev. 23, 2167-2181, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.005.

Shindell, D.T., and G.A. Schmidt 2004. Southern Hemisphere climate response to ozone changes and greenhouse gas increases. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L18209, doi:10.1029/2004GL020724.

Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, M.E. Mann, and G. Faluvegi 2004. Dynamic winter climate response to large tropical volcanic eruptions since 1600. J. Geophys. Res. 109, D05104, doi:10.1029/2003JD004151.

2003

Liu, J., G.A. Schmidt, D. Martinson, D.H. Rind, G.L. Russell, and X. Yuan 2003. Sensitivity of sea ice to physical parameterizations in the GISS global climate model. J. Geophys. Res. 108, no. C2, 3053, doi:10.1029/2001JC001167.

Mann, M.E., and G.A. Schmidt 2003. Ground vs. surface air temperature trends: Implications for borehole surface temperature reconstructions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, no. 12, 1607, doi:10.1029/2003GL017170.

Santer, B.D., R. Sausen, T.M.L. Wigley, J.S. Boyle, K. AchutaRao, C. Doutriaux, J.E. Hansen, G.A. Meehl, E. Roeckner, R. Ruedy, G. Schmidt, and K.E. Taylor 2003. Behavior of tropopause height and atmospheric temperature in models, reanalyses, and observations: Decadal changes. J. Geophys. Res. 108, no. D1, 4002, doi:10.1029/2002JD002258.

Schmidt, G.A., and D.T. Shindell 2003. Atmospheric composition, radiative forcing, and climate change as a consequence of a massive methane release from gas hydrates. Paleoceanography 18, no. 1, 1004, doi:10.1029/2002PA000757.

Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, R.L. Miller, and M.E. Mann 2003. Volcanic and solar forcing of climate change during the preindustrial era. J. Climate 16, 4094-4107, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4094:VASFOC>;2.

2002

Gillett, N.P., M.R. Allen, R.E. McDonald, C.A. Senior, D.T. Shindell, and G.A. Schmidt 2002. How linear is the Arctic Oscillation response to greenhouse gases?. J. Geophys. Res. 107, no. D3, doi:10.1029/2001JD000589.

Schmidt, G.A., and S. Mulitza 2002. Global calibration of ecological models for planktic foraminifera from coretop carbonate oxygen-18. Mar. Micropalaentol. 44, 125-140, doi:10.1016/S0377-8398(01)00041-X.

2001

Juillet-Leclerc, A., and G. Schmidt 2001. A calibration of the oxygen isotope paleothermometer of coral aragonite from Porites. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 4135-4138.

Rind, D., P. Demenocal, G.L. Russell, S. Sheth, D. Collins, G.A. Schmidt, and J. Teller 2001. Effects of glacial meltwater in the GISS Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model: Part I: North Atlantic Deep Water response. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 27335-27354, doi:10.1029/2000JD000070.

Rind, D., G.L. Russell, G.A. Schmidt, S. Sheth, D. Collins, P. Demenocal, and J. Teller 2001. Effects of glacial meltwater in the GISS Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model: Part II: A bi-polar seesaw in Atlantic Deep Water production. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 27355-27366, doi:10.1029/2001JD000954.

Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, M.E. Mann, D. Rind, and A. Waple 2001. Solar forcing of regional climate change during the Maunder Minimum. Science 294, 2149-2152, doi:10.1126/science.1064363.

Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, R.L. Miller, and D. Rind 2001. Northern Hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar, and volcanic forcing. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 7193-7210, doi:10.1029/2000JD900547.

2000

Lynch-Stieglitz, J., W.B. Curry, N. Slowey, and G.A. Schmidt 2000. The overturning circulation of the glacial Atlantic. In Reconstructing Ocean History: A Window into the Future (F. Abrantes and A. Mix, Eds.), pp. 7-31. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York.

Russell, G.L., J.R. Miller, D. Rind, R.A. Ruedy, G.A. Schmidt, and S. Sheth 2000. Comparison of model and observed regional temperature changes during the past 40 years. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 14891-14898, doi:10.1029/2000JD900156.

1999

Schmidt, G.A. 1999. Forward modeling of carbonate proxy data from planktonic foraminifera using oxygen isotope tracers in a global ocean model. Paleoceanography 14, 482-497.

Schmidt, G.A. 1999. Error analysis of paleosalinity calculation. Paleoceanography 14, 422-429.

Shindell, D.T., R.L. Miller, G.A. Schmidt, and L. Pandolfo 1999. Simulation of recent northern winter climate trends by greenhouse-gas forcing. Nature 399, 452-455, doi:10.1038/20905.

1998

Schmidt, G.A. 1998. Oxygen-18 variations in a global ocean model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1201-1204.

1997

Schmidt, G.A., and E.R. Johnson 1997. The scattering of stratified topographic Rossby waves by seafloor ridges. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 84, 29-52.

1996

Schmidt, G.A., and L.A. Mysak 1996. Can increased poleward oceanic heat flux explain the warm Cretaceous climate?. Paleoceanography 11, 579-593.

Schmidt, G.A., and L.A. Mysak 1996. The stability of a zonally averaged thermohaline circulation model. Tellus 48A, 158-178, doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1996.00009.x.